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The lives of Native Americans who were killed during the Battle of the Neches were honored during a special special ceremony held July 15. According to the American Indian Cultural Society, “The Texas Cherokee and 12 associated tribal bands, under the leadership of Chief John ‘Duwa’li’ Bowles, Chief Big Mush and six other Tribal Chiefs and Leaders were slain July 16, 1839. This massacre, by the Republic of Texas Army under the direction of President Mirabeau Lamar, took the lives of many innocent tribal men, women and children. The associated tribal bands on this land included: Cherokee, Shawnee, Delaware, Kickapoo, Quapaw, Choctaw, Biloxi, Ioni, Alabama, Coushatta, Caddo of the Neches, Tahocullake, Mataquo and possibly other groups.”